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SM ''UB-8'' was a German Type UB I submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche Marine)) during World War I. She was sold to Bulgaria in 1916 and renamed ''Podvodnik No. 18'' ((ブルガリア語:''Пoдвoдник №18'')), and was the first ever Bulgarian submarine.〔 ''UB-8'' was ordered in October 1914 and was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen in November. ''UB-8'' was a little under in length and displaced between , depending on whether surfaced or submerged. She carried two torpedoes for her two bow torpedo tubes and was also armed with a deck-mounted machine gun. ''UB-8'' was originally one of a pair of UB I boats sent to the Austro-Hungarian Navy to replace an Austrian pair to be sent to the Dardanelles, and was broken into sections and shipped by rail to Pola in March 1915 for reassembly. She was launched and commissioned as SM ''UB-8'' in the German Imperial Navy in April when the Austrians opted out of the agreement.〔"SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" ((英語:His Majesty's)) and combined with the ''U'' for ''Unterseeboot'' would be translated as ''His Majesty's Submarine''.〕 Although briefly a part of the Pola Flotilla at commissioning, ''UB-8'' spent the majority of her German career patrolling the Black Sea as part of the Constantinople Flotilla. The U-boat sank two ships. One of them, , was disguised by the British Admiralty as a Royal Navy battlecruiser as part of a decoy operation. In October, she helped repel a Russian bombardment of Bulgaria. In May 1916, the submarine was transferred to the Bulgarian Navy as ''Podvodnik No. 18'' and commissioned in a ceremony that was attended by Crown Prince Boris and Prince Kiril. In Bulgarian service, the submarine patrolled the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and had encounters with Russian vessels on several occasions. After the war ended, the submarine was surrendered to France in February 1919 and scrapped at Bizerta in August 1921. However, in July 2011 Viceadmiral Manushev, Commander of the Bulgarian Navy, announced that the submarine, discovered in 2010 at the sea bottom near the town of Varna, is UB-8. Divers discovered manufacturer numbers and according to them the identity is confirmed. == Design and construction == After the German Army's rapid advance along the North Sea coast in the earliest stages of World War I, the German Imperial Navy found itself without suitable submarines that could be operated in the narrow and shallow seas off Flanders.〔Miller, pp. 46–47.〕〔Karau, p. 48.〕 Project 34, a design effort begun in mid-August 1914,〔 produced the Type UB I design: a small submarine that could be shipped by rail to a port of operations and quickly assembled. Constrained by railroad size limitations, the UB I design called for a boat about long and displacing about with two torpedo tubes.〔〔A further refinement of the design—replacing the torpedo tubes with mine chutes but changing little else—evolved into the Type UC I coastal minelaying submarine. See: Miller, p. 458.〕 ''UB-8'' was last boat of the initial allotment of eight submarines—numbered from —ordered on 15 October from Germaniawerft of Kiel, just shy of two months after planning for the class began.〔〔Williamson, p. 12.〕 ''UB-8'' was laid down by Germaniawerft in Kiel on 4 December.〔 As built, ''UB-8'' was long, abeam, and had a draft of . She had a single Daimler 4-cylinder diesel engine for surface travel, and a single Siemens-Schuckert electric motor for underwater travel, both attached to a single propeller shaft. Her top speeds were , surfaced, and , submerged.〔 At more moderate speeds, she could sail up to on the surface before refueling, and up to submerged before recharging her batteries. Like all boats of the class, ''UB-8'' was rated to a diving depth of , and could completely submerge in 33 seconds. ''UB-8'' was armed with two torpedoes in two bow torpedo tubes. She was also outfitted for a single machine gun on deck. ''UB-8''s standard complement consisted of one officer and thirteen enlisted men.〔Karau, p. 49.〕 While ''UB-8''s construction neared completion in early March 1915, Enver Pasha and other Turkish leaders were pleading with their German and Austro-Hungarian allies to send submarines to the Dardanelles to help attack the British and French fleet pounding Turkish positions.〔Halpern, p. 116.〕 The Germans induced the Austro-Hungarian Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine ''or'' K.u.K. Kriegsmarine)) to send two boats—its own Germaniawerft-built boats and —with the promise of and ''UB-8'' as replacements.〔Koburger, p. 82.〕 When work on ''UB-7'' and ''UB-8'' was complete at the Germaniwerft yard, they were both readied for rail shipment. The process of shipping a UB I boat involved breaking the submarine down into what was essentially a knock down kit. Each boat was broken into approximately fifteen pieces and loaded on to eight railway flatcars.〔 The boats were ready for shipment to the main Austrian naval base at Pola on 15 March, despite the fact that the Austrian pair was still not ready.〔 German engineers and technicians that accompanied the German boats to Pola worked under the supervision of Kapitänleutnant Hans Adam, head of the newly created U-boat special command ((ドイツ語:Sonderkommando)).〔 Typically, the UB I assembly process took about two to three weeks,〔 and, accordingly, ''UB-8'' was launched at Pola sometime in April.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SM UB-8」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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